Clotrimazole , sold under the Canesten brand, among others, is an antifungal drug. It is used to treat vaginal yeast infections, thrush, diaper rash, pityriasis versicolor, and other types of ringworm including athlete's foot and itchy athlete. Can be drunk or applied as a cream on the skin or in the vagina.
Common side effects when taken include nausea and itching. When applied to the skin, common side effects include redness and burning. In pregnancy, use on the skin or in the vagina is believed to be safe. There is no evidence of harm when used by mouth during pregnancy but this has been poorly studied. When used by mouth, better care should be taken on those who have liver problems. This is the azole class of drugs and works by disrupting the cell membrane.
Clotrimazole was discovered in 1969. It is on the World Health Organization's Essential Drug List, the most effective and safe medication needed in the health system. It is available as a generic drug. The cost of grocery in developing countries in 2014 is 0.20-0.86 USD per 20 gram cream tube. In the United States, treatments usually cost less than 25 USD.
Video Clotrimazole
Medical use
These are generally available without prescription in various dosage forms, such as creams, vaginal tablets, or as a prescription or throat chech (prescription only). Topically, clotrimazole is used for vulvovaginal candidiasis (yeast infection) or yeast infections of the skin. For vulvovaginal candidiasis (yeast infection), clotrimazole and cream tablets are inserted into the vagina. A troche or lozenge throat preparation is used for oropharyngeal candidiasis (mouth ulcers) or prophylaxis of oral cavities in neutropenic patients.
Clotrimazole is usually used 5 times daily for 14 days for sprue, twice daily for 2 to 8 weeks for skin infections, and once daily for 3 or 7 days for vaginal infections.
Clotrimazole can be aggravated by glucocorticoids, such as betamethasone, in topical creams for the treatment of tinea corporis (ringworm), tinea cruris (athlete) and tinea pedis (athlete's foot). Although FDA-approved, clotrimazole-betamethasone-based cream is not the preferred treatment for dermatophyte infections due to increased side-effects of topical glucocorticoids. Although temporary relief and partial suppression of symptoms can be observed with combination therapy, glucocorticoids may induce an immunosuppressive response and rebound effects that produce more severe infections that usually require systemic antifungal agents to treat the disease. Combination Cream should be avoided to improve treatment outcomes, reduce the likelihood of skin atrophy associated with prolonged use of topical glucocorticoids, and to limit treatment costs. This can be effective in treating chronic paronychia. The preferred treatment of tinea infections is with clotrimazole monotherapy.
Topical and oral clotrimazole may be used in adults and children.
In addition, clotrimazole may be used to treat sickle cell (associated with sickle cell anemia).
Pregnancy
Small amounts of clotrimazole can be absorbed systemically after topical and vaginal administration. However, this can still be used to treat yeast infections in pregnant women.
Maps Clotrimazole
Side effects
Side effects of oral formulations include itching, nausea, and vomiting. & gt; 10% of patients using oral formulations may have abnormal liver function tests. Side effects include rashes, itching, blisters, burns, itching, peeling, redness, swelling, pain or other signs of skin irritation. For this reason, liver function tests should be monitored regularly when taking oral clotrimazole (troche). When used to treat vulvovaginal candidiasis (yeast infection), & lt; 10% of patients have a vulvar or vaginal burning sensation. & lt; 1% of patients have the following side effects: Burning or itching on the penis of sexual partners; polyuria; vulva itching, pain, edema, or discharge
Clotrimazole creams and suppositories contain oils that can weaken condoms and latex diaphragms.
Drug interactions
There was no significant drug interaction with topical clotrimazole. However, with oral clotrimazole (troche), there are several interactions because the drug is a CYP450 enzyme inhibitor, especially CYP3A4. Thus, any drug metabolized by the CYP3A4 enzyme will potentially have elevated levels when oral clotrimazole is used. The prescribing physician should be aware of any drug the patient is taking before starting oral clotrimazole. Certain drugs should not be taken with oral clotrimazole.
Action mechanism
Clotrimazole works to kill the individual Candida or fungal cells by altering the permeability of the cell wall of the fungus. This binds to phospholipids in the cell membrane and inhibits the biosynthesis of ergosterol and other sterols required for the production of cell membranes. This causes cell death through the loss of intracellular elements.
Society and culture
It is available as a generic drug. The cost of grocery in developing countries in 2014 is 0.20-0.86 USD per 20gm cream tube. In the United States, treatments usually cost less than 25 USD. By 2016, Canesten is one of the largest selling best-selling medicines sold in the United Kingdom, with sales of £ 39.2 million.
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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