The Geisel School of Medicine is a Dartmouth College medical school, an Ivy League research university located in Hanover, New Hampshire, USA. The fourth oldest medical school in the United States, founded in 1797 by New England physician Nathan Smith and growing steadily during the 19th century. Several milestones in medical care and research have been conducted at Dartmouth, including the first clinical X-ray (1896), the first intensive care unit in the United States (1955), and Brattleboro mice (1961).
Today, the Medical Faculty of Geisel Dartmouth continues to award Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) and Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.), as well as Master of Public Health (M.P.H.) and Master of Science (M.S.) degrees. The school has a student body of about 700 students and over 2,300 faculty members and researchers. Geisel conducts research through more than a dozen research centers and institutes, receiving over $ 140 million in grants annually. The Faculty of Medicine Geisel is one of seven Ivy League medical schools and is classified as a "top medical school" by the US. News & amp; World Report for primary and biomedical care research. Dartmouth Medical School has many clinical partners, including Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, White River Junction Veterans Administration Medical Center, California Pacific Medical Center, and Manchester Veterans Medical Administration Center.
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History
Foundations and early years
The Dartmouth Medical School was founded in 1797 as the fourth medical school in the United States, attending the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine (founded 1765), King's College (now Columbia University) (1767), and Harvard Medical School (1782). Its founders are Nathan Smith, an educated physician at Harvard University and the University of Edinburgh Medical School of Cornish, New Hampshire. Noting the scarcity of medical professionals in the Upper Valley area of ​​rural Connecticut, Smith petitioned the Board of Trustees of Dartmouth College in August 1796 to fund the establishment of a medical school to train more doctors for the region. Although Dartmouth College as a whole was financially tied up, the Board approved the request, and Smith began teaching on 22 November 1797.
For much of its early life, the school consisted only of Nathan Smith and a small group of students, operating in a loan room at Dartmouth College. Smith students are trained as apprentices, and receive a Bachelor of Medicine degree after graduation. Like Dartmouth College as a whole, medical schools are constantly under-funded. As time passes, however, the popularity of both medical instruction and the basic sciences taught in schools attract students and physician training alike. Requesting funds from the state of New Hampshire, Smith was able to obtain medical equipment and, in 1811, a special physical factory for the school.
Smith served as sole administrator and instructor of medical school until 1810, when a second teaching staff was employed. Smith also changed the curriculum, allowing schools to begin offering Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) degrees in 1812. Smith eventually left Dartmouth in 1816, setting up three additional medical schools at Yale University, Bowdoin College, and the University of Vermont.
Expansion and difficulty
Smith's departure is provided for a period of expansion, both among faculty and student bodies. Former student Nathan Smith succeeded him in faculty, drawing medical professionals in the northeast such as Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr. to join them. The first hospital in the school was founded by DMS alumni Dixi Crosby in 1838, who used it to integrate academic instruction with direct patient care. In 1870, Carlton Pennington Frost, DMS '57, replaced Crosby as the school dean. Under Frost, the curriculum maintains another upgrading, this time being a four-year program that includes both clinical and academic training. Frost also led the founding of Mary Hitchcock Memorial Hospital in 1893, built to replace the dead Crosby hospital.
In 1908, the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching conducted a survey of medical education institutions in the United States. At that time, discipline emphasizes "bedside teaching" and gives students experience with a wide range of diseases and patients. The rural location of the school is considered too remote for proper clinical training, and schools are advised to stop offering Doctor of Medicine degree and only provide pre-clinical instruction. Class 1914 was the last (until 1974) to receive a Doctor of Medicine; the next class of students attending DMS for two years before moving to another medical school. Declining clinical instruction exacerbates school problems by expelling talented faculty members.
After World War II, a wave of medical discipline has shifted toward research. Although the school is considered good for preparing students for clinical education in other institutions, its faculty is criticized for its apparent disinterest in the research. The school was also criticized for using the Dartmouth College undergraduate program as a feeding school. Based on this critique, DMS was placed in a "secret experiment" in 1956 by the American Medical Colleges Association and the Council for Medical Education.
From "refounding" to present
At the time of probation, Dartmouth College had anticipated the suffering of medical schools, raising capital to fund the revitalization of schools. In 1956, College administrators formally agreed to "renew" academic offerings of schools, physical facilities, and faculty. S. Marsh Tenney, DMS class of 1944, was appointed to carry out this task. Tenney more than doubled the size of the faculty and student body, added several new departments, and oversaw the construction of five new campus buildings in 1964.
In the 1960s, due to a shortage of doctors and government incentives for schools that increased their class size, Dartmouth Medical School graduates began having difficulties in moving to other medical schools to complete the last two years of their medical school as other medical doctors. schools have increased their class size and can not accommodate transfer students. Meanwhile, Mary Hitchcock Memorial Hospital has evolved into a 400-bed medical center, and Dartmouth Medical School has established a partnership with the 224-bed Veterans Administration Hospital in White River Junction, Vermont. The Doctor of Medicine program, now possible with an expanded local medical center, was restored by the voices of the guardians in 1968. The MD candidate's admission was resumed in 1970. Initially, the medical school curriculum was three years old, unlike most medical schools, but later increased to four years in 1979.
The program of cooperation with Brown Medical School began in 1981 where students received training in both medical schools. Fifteen to twenty students are selected for the program, which combines the first two years of a basic science course at Dartmouth with the last two years of a clinical course at Brown. This program balances the basic science facilities greater than Dartmouth compared to Brown, but fewer clinical facilities than those available in Brown's urban setting, located in Providence, Rhode Island. Graduates of the program receive a M.D. from Brown. The program was discontinued in 2010.
In 1991, the Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center was established on a 225 acre (0.91 km km) campus in Lebanon, New Hampshire. The three-year project, completed at a cost of $ 228 million, serves as a substitute for the Mary Hitchcock Memorial Hospital, partly destroyed in the early 1990s. The new curriculum was introduced in 1996 entitled "New Directions." The curriculum, still in place today, strives to promote small classes, reduces the number of lectures, and offers an extensive interactive experience to patients. 2009 saw the successful completion of a $ 250 million capital campaign.
On April 4, 2012, Dartmouth Medical School changed its name to Audrey and Theodor Geisel School of Medicine to honor their generosity for many years at the College.
Maps Geisel School of Medicine
Campus
The Geisel School of Medicine has facilities on the campus of Dartmouth College, located in the countryside, Upper Valley town in Hanover, New Hampshire as well as on the campus of Lebanon, NH at Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center (DHMC).
The medical school facility at Dartmouth College is located in a complex on the north side of the Dartmouth campus and includes academic, administrative, research and presentation facilities. Dartmouth Medical School is served by two libraries, the Dana Biomedical Library and the Matthews-Fuller Health Sciences Library, which together offer more than 240,000 volumes. Off-campus housing is available through Dartmouth College. In addition, the 1978 Life Science Classroom was completed in August 2011 at a cost of $ 92 million, and as part of its design, the main page is surrounded by Remsen and Vail Laboratories and Funds.
The Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, headquartered near Lebanon, New Hampshire, is the primary education hospital affiliated with Geisel Medical School. Mary Hitchcock Memorial Hospital, DHMC's 396 bedded hospital facility, acts as a medical school education hospital and a "primary teaching location". Other DHMC constituent elements include the Dartmouth-Hitchcock Clinic (doctor's network in Vermont and New Hampshire) and the Veterans Affairs Medical Center in White River Junction, Vermont. In total, DHMC serves an area with a population of 1.6 million.
In addition to instruction on campus in Hanover and Lebanon, third and fourth year students can choose from 75 regional sites for required administrative personnel. Most scribe facilities are in central New England, although students may also register on sites in Alaska, Arizona, California, New Mexico, and Florida.
Academics
The Geisel School of Medicine offers a four-year Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) and a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) degree in certain fields. In addition, the school offers two joint degree programs: a combination of M.D./Ph.D., To a Ph.D. can be obtained from a doctoral program at Dartmouth, and a combination of MD/MBA, offered in conjunction with the Tuck School of Business. The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, one of a number of DMS research institutes, offer their own degree programs in evaluative clinical science, including Master of Public Health (MPH), Master of Science (MS), PhD, post-doctoral scholarships, several joint degree programs, and residency programs for preventive medicine. Mary Hitchcock Memorial Hospital also offers residency and scholarships run by Dartmouth Medical School faculty.
The curriculum for Doctor of Medicine covers four years, combining required courses with electives. First year students study human anatomy and basic biomedical science in the classroom offered by the basic science department, while starting a two-year study program in clinical studies. Second year students study pathophysiology and take courses from almost every clinical and basic science department in school. In their third year, candidate M.D. were asked to participate in six eight-week medical leave with a local medical institution, which includes an outpatient clinic and a hospital. The final year is spent on additional employees, focus area designation, and preparation for post-graduate residency. In addition to providing medical and clinical knowledge, the M.D. program designed to teach "interpersonal and communication skills", "professionalism", and other practical skills for a medical career.
Dartmouth's Geisel School of Medicine also offers a Doctor of Philosophy degree to train students as researchers and biomedical scientists. PhD is available in six fields offered by basic science departments: pharmacology and toxicology, molecular and cell biology, immunology, molecular pathogenesis, system biology, and experimental and molecular treatments. Research and teaching positions in DMS and its centers and institutes are available to PhD candidates.
Organization and research
Like the undergraduate section of Dartmouth College, Geisel School of Medicine operates on a quarter system. As part of a larger institution, DMS is finally managed by Dartmouth President and Board of Trustees. This school is managed directly by a Dean suggested by 22 members of the Supervisory Board. In the 2008-2009 academic year, the school operated on a budget of $ 237 million.
In addition to research conducted within the infrastructure of academic departments, research in Geisel is also held in more than a dozen research centers and institutes. The centers cover a wide range of medical subjects such as neuroscience, oncology (Norris Cotton Cancer Center), psychiatry, and pediatrics. Research funded at Geisel School of Medicine amounts to $ 140 million during the academic year 2012-2013;
Publications
The Medical School publishes a magazine for alumni and friends, Dartmouth Medicine . In addition, the school also publishes an innovative literary journal, Lifelines (literary journal)
Reception and ranking
In the fall of 2013, 85 students are enrolled in the Doctor of Medicine program from applicant pool 4,290, with the Admissions Office offering a 6 percent admissions rate. Applicants from the previous year had an average score in the numerically assessed section of the Medical University Entrance Test (MCAT) of 33 and the average undergraduate grade (GPA) of 3.65. Applicants for the M.D. is expected to have a background in chemistry, biology, physics, and calculus, and is required to have at least three years of undergraduate education.
In November 2013, the country's only medical school accrediting body, the Medical Education Liaison Committee (LCME), provides the eight-year full-time Dartmouth Geisel Accreditation School - the longest available from LCME. No residency program at Mary Hitchcock Medical Center, run by the faculty of the Geisel Medical School, is on probation by the Board of Accreditation for Post-Graduate Education.
For 2014, Geisel Medical School is ranked by US. News & amp; World Report as the 34th place on the "Top Medical SchoolsÃ, - Research" list and the 18th "Top Medical Schools - Primary Care" list.
People
Student profile and student life
The registration of Geisel School of Medicine in October 2013 amounts to 700 students: 360 M.D. candidates and 340 graduate students. In addition to the student body, more than 350 doctors and researchers on campus are on campus in July 2007. Student populations are shared equally between men and women, while about 25 percent of the student body is made up of international or minority students. From the average class size of 75, over 60 undergraduate institutions and most of the US states are represented. According to The Princeton Review , small class sizes at Geisel help build a "strong community sense and collaborative spirit". The school offers dozens of community services, recreation, professional, and other student groups.
Faculty
In November 2007, Geisel Medical School employs staff from 2,315 lecturers and researchers: 766 full-time faculty members, 1,301 part-time teachers and non-faculty instructors, and 248 research positions. The current full-time faculty ratio to students is awarded by the school as 2: 1. The current leading faculty includes Stuart Gitlow, palliative care physicist Ira Byock, former astronaut and Democratic politician Jay C. Buckey, psychoanalyst Peter A. Olsson, and Jay Dunlap, professor and chair of genetics at Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine and a member of the National Academy of Sciences. Former leading faculty including biochemist Mahlon Hoagland, pathologist and geneticist Kurt Benirschke, and former Surgeon General of the United States C. Everett Koop.
Alumni
Until June 2013, Geisel Medical School claims 4,891 graduates are active in medical world around the world. Geisel cites the necessary clerkships as a mechanism to enable students to make connections and gain real-world experience. Fourth grade students prepared for residency with counseling classes; recent graduates most often take residency in Geisel itself, Harvard Medical School, Tufts University School of Medicine, and Brown Medical School. The Geisel/Dartmouth Medical School Alumni has become a renowned medical practitioner, educator and researcher including doctor and free thinker Charles Knowlton, physician Robert O. Blood, ophthalmologist and epidemiologist John D. Bullock, and doctor attending the United States Capitol John Francis Eisold. Alumni in other fields include US Representative Richard S. Molony and Robert Burns, New Hampshire's Noah Martin Governor, Ian Smith's television personality, and Anne Schuchat, Deputy Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Note
References
External links
- Dartmouth Medical School
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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