Nose spray , or nasal drop , is used as a local treatment for conditions such as nasal congestion and allergic rhinitis. In some situations, nasal delivery routes are preferred because they provide a pleasant alternative to injection or pills. Substances can be assimilated very quickly and directly through the nose. Many pharmaceutical drugs exist as nasal sprays for systemic administration (eg treatments for pain, migraine, osteoporosis, and nausea). Other applications include hormone replacement therapy, Alzheimer's disease treatment and Parkinson's disease. Nose sprays are seen as a more efficient way to transport drugs with potential use in crossing the blood-brain barrier.
Video Nasal spray
Antihistamine
Antihistamines work by competing for receptor sites to block histamine function, thereby reducing the effects of inflammation. Antihistamine nasal sprays include:
- Azelastine hydrocholoride
- Levocabastine hydrocholoride
- Olopatadine hydrochloride
Maps Nasal spray
Corticosteroid
Corticosteroid nasal sprays can be used to relieve symptoms of sinusitis, flower allergies, allergic rhinitis, and non-allergic rhinitis (perennial). They can reduce the inflammation and production of histamine in the nasal passages, and have been shown to reduce nasal congestion, runny nose, itchy nose and sneezing. Side effects may include headache, nausea and nose bleeding. Corticosteroid nasal sprays include:
- Beclomethasone dipropionate
- Budesonide
- Ciclesonide
- Flunisolide
- Fluticasone furoate
- Fluticasone propionate
- Mometasone
- Triamcinolone acetonide
Immunization
Influenza vaccine is available in nasal sprays such as Live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV).
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory
Ketorolac tromethamin is the first and only nasal spray NSAID which is an effective non-narcotic alternative for patients requiring pain relief at the opioid level.
Saline
Copy sprays are usually not drugs. The fog of a salt solution containing sodium chloride is sent to help moisten the dry or irritated nostrils. This is a form of nasal irrigation. They can also relieve nasal congestion and eliminate air irritants such as pollen and dust thereby providing sinus allergy relief.
Three types of nose sodium chloride syringe sprays are available including hypertonic (3% sodium chloride or seawater), isotonic (0.9% sodium chloride) and hypotonic (0.65% sodium chloride). Isotonic solutions have the same salt concentration as the human body, whereas hypertonic solutions have a higher salt content and hypotonic solutions have a lower salt content. Isotonic saline nasal sprays are commonly used in infants and children to wash thick mucus from the nose in cases of allergic rhinitis. A hypertonic solution may be more useful to remove moisture from the mucous membrane and reduce nasal congestion.
Natural nasal sprays that include chemical compounds derived from plant sources such as ginger, capsaicin and tea tree oil are also available. However, there is no verifiable evidence that they have a measurable effect on symptoms.
Topical decongestants
Decongestant nasal sprays are available over-the-counter in many countries. They work very quickly open the nasal passages by constricting blood vessels in the lining of the nose. Long-term use of this type of spray can damage the fine mucous membranes of the nose. This causes increased inflammation, an effect known as rhinitis medicamentosa or rebound effects. Decongestant nasal sprays are recommended for short-term use only, preferably 5 to 7 days maximum. Some doctors recommend to use it for up to 3 days. A recent clinical trial showed that a corticosteroid nasal spray may be useful in reversing this condition. Topical nose decongestants include:
- Oxymetazoline hydrochloride
- Phenylephrine hydrochloride
- Xylometazoline
Combination
The combination of the use of two drugs as a nasal spray preparation has often been prescribed by doctors.
List of nasal spray combinations: Azelastine along with fluticasone propionate (trade names including Dymista) Xylometazoline together with cromoglicic acid
References
External links
- Media associated with Nasal spray in Wikimedia Commons
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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