Phenoxymethylpenicillin , also known as penicillin V and penicillin VK , is a useful antibiotic for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections. Especially used for the treatment of sore throat, otitis media, and cellulitis. It is also used to prevent rheumatic fever and to prevent infection after removal of the spleen. It is given by mouth.
Side effects include diarrhea, nausea, and allergic reactions including anaphylaxis. This is not recommended for those with a history of penicillin allergy. It is relatively safe to use during pregnancy. It's in the family of penicillin and beta-lactam drugs. Usually produces bacterial death.
Phenoxymethylpenicillin was first made in 1948. It is an Essential Medicines List of the World Health Organization, the most effective and safe medicines needed in the health system. It is available as a generic drug. Wholesale costs in developing countries are around 0.05 to 0.96 USD per day. In the United States the medical expenses are less than 25 USD.
Video Phenoxymethylpenicillin
Medical use
Specific indications for phenoxymethylpenicillin include:
- Infection caused by Streptococcus pyogenes
- Tonsillitis
- Pharyngitis
- Skin infection
- Anthrax (a mildly uncomplicated infection)
- Lyme disease (early stage in pregnant women or young children)
- Rheumatic fever (primary and secondary prophylaxis)
- Streptococcal skin infection
- Splenic disorders (pneumococcal infection prophylaxis)
- Initial treatment for Dental Abscesses
- Medium to severe gingivitis (with metronidazole)
- Tooth injury avulsion (as an alternative to tetracycline)
- Prophylaxis of blood infections in children with sickle cell disease.
Penicillin V is sometimes used in the treatment of odontogenic infections.
It is less active than benzylpenicillin (penicillin G) against Gram-negative bacteria. Phenoxymethylpenicillin has a variety of antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria similar to benzylpenicillin and similar mode of action, but is substantially less active than benzylpenicillin against Gram-negative bacteria.
Phenoxymethylpenicillin is more stable than benzylpenicillin, which allows it to be administered orally.
Phenoxymethylpenicillin is usually used only for the treatment of mild to moderate infections, and not for severe or deep infections because absorption is unpredictable. Except for the treatment or prevention of infection with Streptococcus pyogenes (which is uniformly sensitive to penicillin), therapy should be guided by bacteriological studies (including sensitivity testing) and with clinical response. People initially treated with parenteral benzylpenicillin may continue treatment with phenoxymethylpenicillin by mouth after a satisfactory response has been obtained.
It is inactive against beta-lactamase-producing bacteria, which includes many strains of Staphylococci .
Maps Phenoxymethylpenicillin
Adverse effects
Phenoxymethylpenicillin is usually well tolerated but can sometimes cause nausea, vomiting, epigastric distress, diarrhea, constipation, acidic odor to the urine and black hairy tongue. The previous hypersensitivity reaction in every penicillin is contraindicated.
Action mechanism
This provides a bactericidal action against penicillin-sensitive microorganisms during the active multiplication stage. It acts by inhibiting the biosynthesis of cell-wall peptidoglycan.
Compendium status
- English Pharmacopoeia
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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