A beverage can is a metal container designed to hold a fixed portion of liquids such as carbonated soft drinks, alcoholic beverages, fruit juices, tea, herbal teas, energy drinks, etc. Drink cans are made of aluminum (75% of worldwide production) or tin-coated steel (25% of production worldwide). Worldwide production of all canned drinks is about 370 billion cans per year worldwide.
Video Beverage can
Histori
The first commercially available beer in cans began in 1935 in Richmond, Virginia. Not long after that, soda, with its higher acidity and rather high pressure, is available in tins. The main development for storing beverages in cans is interior liners, usually plastic or sometimes waxy substances, which help keep the taste of the product from being destroyed by chemical reactions with metal. Another major factor for the timing was the lifting of the United States Ban at the end of 1933.
In 1935, Felinfoel Brewery at Felinfoel in Wales was the first brewery outside the US to drink commercially. Before now, beer was only available in casks or glass bottles. From now on, lightweight cans can be used. Felinfoel was the main supplier for the British armed forces abroad in the Second World War - could save a lot of space and weight for wartime exports compared to glass bottles, and should not be returned for refilling. This early tin has no pull tab, but they have a crown cork (beer bottle cap). All modern English beer cans come from these early small cans that help change drinking habits and buy beer from the British community. From the 18th century to the beginning of the 20th century, Wales dominated the world's tinplate production, culminating in the early 1890s when 80% of the world's tinplate was produced in south Wales.
Drink cans are sealed in the factory and require a special opener to consume its contents. Cans are usually formed as cylinders, having flat top and bottom. They need a tin canner, colloquially known as the "church key", which is attached to the top edge for the lever; lifting the handle will force the sharp end past the top of the can, cut the triangle hole. The smaller second hole is usually perforated on the opposite side of the top to receive air as it pours, allowing the liquid to flow freely.
In the mid-1930s, some cans were developed with hats that could be opened and poured more like bottles. These are called "peak cones", because their peaks have conical-shaped cones to a diameter smaller than a cap. The cone of the can is sealed by the same wrinkled hat placed on the bottle, and can be opened with the same bottle opener. There are three types of conetops: high profile , low profile , and j-spout . Low profile and j-spout are the earliest, dating from around 1935. "Crown" is a different type of steel-drawn can with bottom cover. It was developed by Crown Cork & amp; Seal (now known as Crown Holdings, Inc.), a leading beverage packaging and beverage manufacturer. Various factories used crowntainers and conetops until the late 1950s, but many manufacturers continued to use simple cylindrical cans.
The popularity of canned drinks is very slow to be absorbed, as the taste of the metal is difficult to overcome with the interior liner not being refined, especially with the more acidic soda. Tins have two advantages over glass bottles. First for distributors, can-top cans are more compact for transportation and storage and weigh less than bottles. Secondly to consumers, they do not require the deposit that is usually paid for the bottle, because they are discarded after use. Deposit glasses are replaced when consumers take back empty to the store.
By the time the United States entered World War II, tin can only get about ten percent of the beverage market; this was drastically reduced during the war to accommodate the strategic needs for the metal.
In 1959, recyclable aluminum was introduced to the market in 7 oz. size by Adolph Coors Company. Also in 1959, Ermal Fraze devised an opening method that would dominate the canned drink market. The invention is a "pull tab". This eliminates the need for a separate separator by attaching an aluminum pull-pull lever with a nail to a wedge-shaped tab that has been scored on top of a can. The ring is glued to the center of the top, which creates a long enough elongated opening so that one hole simultaneously serves to let the drink flow out as the air flows in. In 1959, when a family picnic, Mr. Fraze forgot to bring a can opener and was forced to use a car bumper to open a can of beer. Thinking there must be an easier way, he then stayed up all night until he came with a pull tab. The pull-tab tabs, or the removed tabs from them, are also called "pop-tops" of everyday language. In Australia this colloquial is known as "ring-pull". In the 1970s, the pull tab was very popular, but its popularity came with significant problems, because people often dump the pull tabs on the ground as junk, or drop them into cans and risk choking.
These problems are both addressed by the invention of the "push tab". Used primarily on Coors Beer cans in the mid-1970s, the push-tab is a circular drawn area used to replace the pull tabs. It does not require a ring to be pulled. Instead, an uplifted aluminum blister is pushed into a can, with a small, non-layered piece that keeps the tabs connected after being pushed in. Push-tabs never gain widespread popularity because when they have solved the garbage problem from the pull tabs, they create a security hazard in which one's finger while pushing the tab into the tin is directly exposed to the sharp edges of the opening. The unusual feature of the Coors Beer's push-tab cans is that they have a second, smaller, push-tab at the top as ventilation airflow - a missing comfort by switching from a can opener to a pull-tab. The "push-tab" was introduced to Australia in the early 1980s and locally known as "pop-tops".
Safety and waste issues were finally resolved in the 1970s with Daniel F. Cudzik's invention of "Stay-Tab" not eliminating. Pull-rings are replaced with rigid aluminum levers, and the removable tab is replaced with a pre-printed round tab that works the same as a push tab, but the blisters are no longer required, since the reversed lever will now perform the task of pushing open tabs and entering the inside cans.
In 2008, an aluminum version of the crowntainer design was adopted to pack Caribou Coffee Coca-Cola drinks. In 2004, Anheuser-Busch adopted a bottle of aluminum for use with Budweiser and Bud Light beer.
Maps Beverage can
Standard size
Capacity in countries
Various standard capacities are used worldwide.
- Australia
In Australia the standard size for alcoholic beverages and soft drinks is 375 ml. Energy drinks are generally served in sizes of 250 ml and 500 ml.
- Brazil
In Brazil the standard can is 355 ml.
- New Zealand
In New Zealand the standard can is 355 ml, though Coca-Cola Amatil converts canned drinks to 330 million by 2017.
- China
In China the most common size is 330 ml.
Dimensions can be quoted in metric or imperial units. The Imperial dimension for canmaking is written as a sixteen inch inch (eg "202" = 2 inches 2 sixteen).
- Europe
In Europe the standard can reach 330 million, but since the 1990s the size of 250 ml slowly became as commonplace. In European countries the size of a 500 ml can is the second standard. It is often used for beer, juice, and energy drinks.
In the UK 440 ml is generally used for beer and vinegar.
In Austria energy drinks are usually sold in sizes 200 to 330Ã, ml.
- Hong Kong
In Hong Kong most cans are 330 ml.
- India
In India the standard cans are 500 ml.
- Japan
In Japan the most common sizes are 350 ml and 500 ml. Larger and smaller Can also sell.
- South Korea
In South Korea 250 ml of cans is the most common for soft drinks. However, when accompanying take food (such as pizza or chicken), a 245 ml can is standard. Recently, some 355 ml cans similar to North American cans are increasingly available, but are limited mainly to Coca-Cola and Dr. Pepper. Finally, beer cans are also available in the form of 500 ml.
- Malaysia and Singapore
In Malaysia and Singapore, the most common cans are 300 ml for non-carbonated beverages and 325 ml for carbonated beverages. Larger 330Ã, ml/350Ã, ml cans are limited to imported drinks where usually the price is much more expensive than the local one.
- Pakistan
In Pakistan the most common size is 250 ml and 330 ml. 200 ml cans are also sold.
- North America
In North America, the standard size is 12Ã, US flÃ, oz or 355Ã, ml. The US Standard can have 4.83 inches tall, 2.13 inches in diameter on the lid, and 2.60 inches in diameter at the widest point of the body. Also available cans of 16oz are known as pesters, and cans of 24oz or larger are referred to as tall boys.
In Canada, the standard size of the previous 10 ounces of Imperial liquid (284 ml), then redefined and labeled as 280 ml in about 1980. This measure is commonly used with steel beverage cans in the 1970s and early 1980s. However, the US standard size of 355 million can be standardized in the 1980s and 1990s, after conversion from steel to aluminum. Some drinks like Nestea are sold in 341 ml cans. In Quebec in 2015, new standards for carbonated beverages have been added as many important grocery stores now only sell 6-packs (with plastic handles) with 222 ml cans instead of the original 341 ml (at the same price) and that of any carbonated beverages main. Many department stores start selling "sleek tins" with 310ml capacity by the end of 2015
- South Africa
The standard South African can is 330 ml (minus in the early 2000s of 340s that is everywhere) and the size of the promotion is 440 ml. There is also a can of 500 ml. 200 ml smaller can be used for "mixers" such as soda or tonic water. It has a smaller diameter than the other cans.
Middle East
In Middle East standard cans is 330 ml.
Composition
Most metal beverage cans produced in the United States are made of aluminum, while in parts of Europe and Asia about 55 percent are made of steel and 45 percent are aluminum alloys. Steel cans often have tops made of aluminum. Aluminum used in the United States and Canada are alloys containing 92.5% to 97% aluminum, & lt; 5.5% magnesium, & lt; 1.6% manganese, & lt; 0.15% chromium and some trace amounts of iron, silicon and copper according to MSDS from Alcoa aluminum producer. The alloys used include 3004, 3105, or other 3xxx/5xxx aluminum series.
An empty aluminum can weigh about half an ounce (14.2 grams). There are 34 empty aluminum cans of 12 ounces to a pound or 70 to one kilogram.
In many parts of the world, deposits can be recovered by rotating in plastic containers, glass, and blank aluminum. Used metal dealers often buy large quantities of aluminum cans, even though there are no deposits. Aluminum is one of the most cost-effective materials for recycling. When recycled without other metals being mixed, the can-lid combination is particularly suitable for generating new stocks for the main part of the can - the loss of magnesium during the melting is made for by the high magnesium content of the lid. Also, reducing ore such as bauxite into aluminum requires large amounts of electricity, making recycling cheaper than producing new metals.
Aluminum cans are internally coated to protect aluminum from oxidizers. Despite this layer, the amount of trace aluminum can be degraded into the liquid, the amount depends on factors such as storage temperature and liquid composition. Chemical compounds used in internal coatings may include epoxy resin types.
To achieve primary aluminum for manufacturing, bauxite is converted to alumina through the Bayer process. After this process, aluminum can be extracted from alumina. Furthermore, it passes through a process called aluminum smelting and ingot casting. Simply put, these two stages require alumina to undergo very hot temperatures and high-energy showers. Following this process is hot rolling and cold rolling. This is finally done to coat aluminum cans for further processing. Finally, the process of "ironing" is done which forms a can shape.
Loading cans
Cans are filled before the top is crimped. Charging and sealing operations should be very fast and precise. Charging heads fill the cans using gas pressure, clean the air, and allow the drink to flow to the side of the can. The cover is placed on a can, and then wrinkled in two operations. The seaming head hooks the lid from the top while the seaming roller to the side curls the end of the lid around the edges of the tin body. Heads and rollers rotate the cans in complete circles to seal all the way around. Then a pressure roller with different profiles moves both sides together under pressure to create a gas-resistant seal. The filled cans usually have pressurized gas in them, which makes it hard enough to handle easily.
Fabrication process
Modern cans are generally generated through a cold mechanical forming process that begins with a flat blank punching of a very stiff cold rolled sheet. These sheets are usually 3104-H19 or 3004-H19 alloys, which are aluminum with about 1% manganese and 1% magnesium to provide strength and shapeability. Flat blank was first formed into a cup with a diameter of about three inches. These cups are then pushed through a different forming process called "ironing" that forms a can. The bottom of the can is also shaped today. The soft metal changes shape into an open can. With the advanced technology of the die-casting and forming machines, the sides of the tin are significantly thinner than the top and bottom, where rigidity is required.
The plain lid (known as the shell) is stamped from an aluminum roll, usually a 5182-H48 alloy, and is transferred to another press which turns it into an easy-to-open tip. This press is known as the conversion press that forms the integral rivet button in the cap and the opening score, while simultaneously forming tabs in another die from a separate strip of aluminum.
Opening mechanism
Early metal drink cans have no tabs; they are opened by a can-piercer or churchkey, a device that resembles a bottle opener with a sharp point. Can be opened by punching two triangular holes on the lid - which are large to drink, and the second (smaller) to receive air.
In early 1922, inventors were applying for patents on tins with tab covers, but the technology at the time made the invention impractical. Then progress saw the tip of the cans made of aluminum instead of steel.
Cans are usually in sealed cardboard cartons, corrugated cardboard boxes, or trays coated with plastic films. All distribution and packaging systems need to be controlled to ensure freshness.
Pop-tab
Mikolaj Kondakow and James Wong from Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada discovered a version of the pull tab for bottles in or before 1951 (Canadian patent 476789). Then, in 1962, Ermal Cleon Fraze (1913-1989) from Dayton, Ohio, United States, found the same rivet and pull-tab versions (also known as ring pull in English English) , which has a ring mounted on the rivet to be pulled, and which will be completely removed for disposal. He received US Patent No. 3,349,949 for his pull-top design in 1963 and licensed his invention to Alcoa and Pittsburgh Brewing Company, the latter of which first introduced designs on the Beer City Beer tins. The first soft drinks sold in aluminum cans are R.C. Cola and Diet-Rite Cola, both made by the Royal Crown Cola company, in 1964.
The initial pull-down tab is easy to loose. In 1976, the Journal of the American Medical Association noted cases of children swallowing the withdrawal tab and falling into a can.
Full-top pull-tabs are also used in several cans of oil and are currently used in some soups, animal foods, tennis balls, beans and other cans.
Stay in tab
In 1975, Daniel F. Cudzik, an engineer with Reynolds Metals, applied for a design patent for "The final closing for a container." This came to be known as "Sta-Tab." When Sta-Tab was launched in 1975, with Falls City beer and, quickly, other beverages, there was an early period of testing and consumer education. Cudzik then received a patent for this "Easy Open Wall" ( US 3967752, published 1976-07-06 US 3967753, published 1976-07-06 ). The validity of this patent is enforced in subsequent litigation.
"Open end ecology that is easily designed" was created by Ermal Fraze and Omar Brown. His patent application was also filed in 1975. This design, like Cudzik, uses a separate tab attached to the upper surface as a lever to press the marked part of the lid, which folds under the top of the tin and out of the way. the resulting opening, thereby reducing injury and litter on the curb caused by removable tabs.
Such "retained ring-pull" can replace the tab pull-offs in the UK in 1989 for soft drinks and 1990 for alcoholic beverages.
Mouth width
One of the latest modifications to the design was the "wide" mouth recognition in the late 1990s. The American Can Company, now part of Rexam, and Coors Brewing Company has owned a wide-mouth design patent (number D385,192) since 1997. Other companies have similar designs for wide mouths. Ball Corporation's from 2008 has a ventilation tube to allow direct inward airflow to reduce the amount of gulp during pouring.
Continuous drink ends
The SuperEnd from Crown Holdings, launched in 2000 is designed to use 10% less metal in production than standard drinks.
One variation is the pushbutton, which features two pre-cut buttons - one small and one large - at the top of a can sealed with a plastic membrane. These buttons are held closed by the exit pressure of the carbonated beverage. The consumer will open the can by pressing both buttons, which will produce two holes. The small hole will act as a ventilation to reduce internal pressure so that larger buttons can then be pressed to create holes used for drinking. Consumers can also easily cut themselves at the edge of the hole or make their finger jammed.
Press the can buttons used by Pepsi in Canada from the 1970s to the 1980s and Coors in the 1970s. They have been replaced with a pull tab. Used in Australia, locally known as "pop-tops", for soft drinks during the early 1980s.
End of full opening
Another variation on the beverage can is the "full opening edge", where the entire cover can be removed - turning the aluminum can into a cup. Crown Holdings first designed the "360 End" to be used by SABMiller at the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa. It has been used by Anheuser-Busch InBev in China and Brazil and by the Sly Fox Brewing Company in the United States.
Close that can be closed
Another variation on beverage cans is to have a lid that can be closed again. The version patented by Cogito Can in France has been used by Groupe Casino, the French shopping network for its private label energy drinks.
Collecting
Beer can collect was a minor trend in the late 1970s and 1990s. However, his hobby is rapidly diminishing in popularity. The Beer Can Collectors of America (BCCA), founded in 1970, is an organization that supports hobbies, but has now been renamed the Brewery Collectibles Club of America to be more modern.
By the end of 2009, the membership at the Brewery Collectibles Club of America was 3,570, down from the peak of 11,954 in 1978. Only 19 of the members were under the age of 30, and the average age of the members had risen to 59.
See also
- Beer Can Museum
- Beer Can Printing
- Beer koozie
- Drink-can stove
- Self-heating can
- Six pack ring
- Widgets (beer)
Note
References
External links
- History of beer cans
- Tabs fund funding myth
- Steel packing (Steeluniversity)
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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