Tonsillolith

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Tonsilloliths , also known as tonsillar , is a gentle aggregate of bacterial and cellular debris formed in the tonsils of tonsils, tonsils of the tonsils. Although they are most common in palatine tonsils, they can also occur in the lingual tonsils. Tonsil stones are often found. Tonsilloliths have been recorded with a weight of 0.3 g to 42 g.

The protruding tonilloliths may feel like a foreign object lodged in the dykes of the tonsils. They may be distractions and difficult to remove, but are usually harmless. They are one cause of bad breath and always smell bad.

Video Tonsillolith

Signs and symptoms

Tonsilloliths may not produce symptoms, or they may be associated with bad breath, or produce pain during swallowing.

Tonsilloliths is more common in adolescents than in adults or small children. Many small tonsils do not cause any obvious symptoms. Even when they are large, some tonsils are found only by chance on X-rays or CAT scans.

Other symptoms include metallic taste, throat closing or tightening, coughing, and choking.

Larger tonilloliths can cause several symptoms, including recurrent halitosis, which often accompanies tonsillitis, sore throat, white debris, bad taste in the back of the throat, difficulty swallowing, earache, and swollen tonsils. A medical study conducted in 2007 found an association between tonsillolith and bad breath in patients with certain types of recurrent tonsillitis. Among those with bad breath, 75% of subjects had tonsillolith, while only 6% of subjects with normal halitometric values ​​(normal breath) had tonsilloliths. The sensation of a foreign body may also be behind the throat. This condition can also be asymptomatic, with detection after intratonsillar or submucous mass palpation.

Maps Tonsillolith

Classification

Tonsilloliths or tonsil stones are calcifications that form inside the palatal tonsil cavity. They are also known to form in the throat and in the roof of the mouth. The tonsils are filled with cracks where bacteria and other materials, including dead cells and mucus, get trapped. When this happens, the debris can be concentrated in the white formation that occurs in the bag. Tonsillolith is formed when the trapped pieces are accumulated and expressed from the tonsils. They are generally soft, sometimes chewy. This tends to occur most often in people suffering from chronic inflammation of the tonsils or recurrent tonsillitis attacks. They are often associated with post-nasal drip.

Giant

Less common than typical tonsillomes are giant tonsilloliths. Giant tonsilloliths may often be mistaken for other oral diseases, including peritonsillar abscess, and tumors of the tonsils.

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Pathophysiology

The mechanism by which this calculus is formulated is debatable, although it appears to be the result of the accumulation of materials stored in the crypt, along with the growth of bacteria and fungi - sometimes in association with persistent chronic purulent tonsillitis.

More recently, the link between biofilm and tonsillolith is indicated. The essence of the biofilm concept is the assumption that bacteria form a three-dimensional structure, inactive bacteria are at the center to function as a constant nidus of infection. This impermeable structure makes biofilms immune to antibiotic treatment. By using confocal microscopy and microelectrodes, biofilms similar to the teeth biofilms are shown to be present in tonsillolith, with oxygen respiration in the outer layer of tonsillolith, denitrification to the middle, and acidification downward.

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Diagnosis

Diagnosis is usually done after the examination. The differential diagnosis of tonsilloliths includes foreign bodies, calcification granulomas, malignancies, enlarged or sparse temporal styloid processes, isolated bones usually derived from embryonic derived from branchial arches.

Tonsilloliths is difficult to diagnose in the absence of clear manifestations, and is often the usual finding of routine radiological studies.

The imaging diagnostic technique can identify the radiopaque mass that may be mistaken for a foreign body, a replaced tooth or a calcified blood vessel. Computed tomography (CT) may reveal non-specific calcification images in the tonsils zone. The differential diagnosis should be established with acute and chronic tonsillitis, tonsillary hypertrophy, peritonsillary abscess, foreign body, phlebolites, ectopic bone or cartilage, lymph nodes, granulomatous lesions or calcification of the Stylohyoid ligament in the context of Elang syndrome (elongated styloid process).

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Treatment

Often, no treatment is necessary, as few stones produce symptoms.

Some people are able to remove the tonsils using the tip of the tongue or fingers. Oral irrigation is also simple but effective and will clean the tonsils crypts thoroughly. Most electric oral irrigators are unsuitable for tonic removal because they are too strong and tend to cause discomfort and rupture of the tonsils, which can lead to further complications such as infection. Irrigators connected directly to the sink faucet via threaded connections or others are suitable for tonsil removal of tonsils and daily tonsil washing because they can water the water at a user-adjustable low pressure level by simply turning the sink taps, allowing for a variety of continuous pressures to meet the specific needs of each user.

Simply put, rinsing with warm and salty water can help ease the discomfort of tonsillitis, which often accompanies tonsillitis. Gargling strong every morning can also keep tonsillitis from all but the most persistent tonilolites.

Laser

Another option is to reduce the surface area (crypts, crevices, etc.) of the tonsils through laser resurfacing. This procedure is called cryptolysis laser. This can be done using local anesthesia. Selective scanned carbon dioxide lasers evaporate and smooth the surface of the tonsils. This technique flattens the edges of basements and crevices that collect debris, preventing material trapped from stone formation.

Surgery

Tonsillectomy may be indicated if bad breath from tonsil stone persists despite other actions.

Home restoration

This may include gargling with salt water or trying to remove with cotton.

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Epidemiology

Tonsilloliths or tonsil conesions occur in up to 10% of the population, often due to tonsillitis episodes. Although small tonsillectomy is common, true tonilolites or stones are rare. They generally occur in young adults and are rare in children.

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References

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External links

Source of the article : Wikipedia