A blister is a small bag of body fluids (lymph, serum, plasma, blood, or pus) inside the top layer of the skin, usually caused by strong friction (friction), burning, freezing, chemical exposure or infection. Most blisters are filled with clear fluid, both serum and plasma. However, blisters can be filled with blood (known as "blood blisters") or with pus (for example, if they become infected).
The word "blister" entered English in the 14th century. It comes from the Middle Dutch bluyster and is a modification of the old French "blostre", which means leprosy nodules - the increase of skin due to leprosy. In dermatology today, the words vesicles and bulla refer to smaller or larger blisters, respectively.
To heal properly, a blister should not appear unless medically necessary. If it appears, the excess skin should not be removed because the skin underneath it needs the top layer to heal properly.
Video Blister
Cause
A blister may form when the skin has been damaged by friction or friction, heat, cold or chemical exposure. The fluid collects between the epidermis - the top layer of skin - and the layer underneath. This fluid coats the tissue beneath it, protecting it from further damage and allowing it to heal.
Friction or rub
A strong scrub can cause blisters, as does friction on the skin if it persists long enough. These types of blisters most often occur after long-distance walking or by wearing old or fitting shoes. The most common blisters on the hands and feet, because these extremities are vulnerable when walking, running, or performing repetitive movements, such as joystick manipulation while playing certain video games, digging with shovels, playing guitar, etc. Blisters form more easily on moist skin than dry or submerged skin, and are more common in warm conditions. Less aggressive scrubbing over long periods of time can cause calluses to form and not blister. Both abrasions and calluses can lead to more serious complications, such as foot ulceration and infection, especially when sensation or circulation is impaired, as in the case of diabetes, neuropathy or peripheral artery disease (PAD).
Extreme temperature
This type of heat is one of the tools used to determine sustained burn rates. First and second-degree burns can cause blistering of the skin; However, the characteristic second degree burns immediately blister, while first-degree burns can blister after a few days. Blisters can also form in the hands and feet as a result of tissue damage caused by frostbite.
Chemical exposure
Occasionally, the skin will blister when in contact with cosmetics, detergents, solvents, or other chemicals such as nickel sulphate, Peruvian Balsam, or urushiol (poison ivy, poison oak, poison sumac). This is known as contact dermatitis. Blisters can also develop as a result of allergic reactions to insect bites or stings. Some chemical weapons agents, known as blister agents or vesicants, cause large, painful blisters wherever they touch the skin; an example is mustard gas.
Destroy/pinch
Blistered blood is usually formed when blood vessels are minute close to the surface of the ruptured (broken) skin, and blood leaks into the tears between the layers of the skin. This can happen if the skin is smashed, pinched or squeezed aggressively.
Medical condition
There are also a number of medical conditions that cause blisters. The most common are chicken pox, herpes, impetigo, and a form of eczema called dyshidrosis. Other, more rare conditions that cause blisters include:
- Bullous pemphigoid: a skin disease that causes large blisters and tightness to develop, usually affecting people over the age of 60.
- Pemphigus: a serious skin disease in which blisters develop when pressure is applied to the skin; blisters blister easily, leaving the raw area that can be infected.
- Dermatitis herpetiformis: a skin disease that causes very itchy scratches, usually on the elbows, knees, back and buttocks. Blisters usually develop in patches of the same shape and size on both sides of the body.
- Chronic bullous dermatosis: a disease that causes a collection of blisters on the face, mouth or genitals.
- Cutaneous radiation syndrome
- Epidermolysis bullosa
Maps Blister
Pathophysiology
Friction hoist
Friction blisters are caused by excessive shear stress between the skin and body surfaces. The skin layer around the Stratum spinosum is most susceptible to shearing. When the Stratum spinosum comes out of the connective tissue below, the plasma from the cells diffuses outward. This plasma solution helps the new cells divide and grow into new connective tissue and epidermal layers.
The clear liquid will be reabsorbed when new cells are formed and the swollen appearance will subside. The painful blisters that lie in the hands (the palmar surface) and the feet (plantar surface) are caused by tissue that shifts more deeply in the epidermis, near the nerve endings. Lower tissues are more susceptible to infection.
Prevention
Swollen Friction
Friction injuries, caused by rubbing the skin, can be prevented by reducing friction to a level where blisters will not form. This can be done in many ways.
Blisters on the feet can be prevented by wearing comfortable and fit shoes and clean socks. Shoes that are not fit or stiff, like high heels and shoes, present a greater risk of blistering. Blisters are more likely to develop on moist skin, so socks that regulate moisture changes or frequent socks will help those who are sweating. When exercising or playing sports, special sports socks can help keep your feet dry and reduce the chance of blisters. Before going for a walk, it is also important to make sure that the boots or hiking boots have been damaged properly.
Even before the "hot" area or irritation of the legs is felt, taping the padding or interface layer reduces friction between the affected area and the footwear can prevent blister formation. Bandages, moleskin and tape generally have to be applied to the feet every day, and most have very high coefficient of friction (COF), but the friction management patch applied to the shoe will remain in the longer place, throughout many changes of socks and soles. This type of intervention can be used with footwear worn on a daily basis, with special shoes and boots such as hockey boots, ice skates, inline shoes, ski boots and cleats, or even with braces and orthotic splints. For periods of continuous use such as climbing and running, especially where ingress of water or moisture in shoes or boots may occur, socks may provide the necessary frictional protection.
To avoid scuffing of the hands, gloves should be worn when using tools such as shovels or axes, doing manual work such as gardening, or using sports equipment such as golf clubs or baseball bats. The paddles used for competitive oars are known for causing frequent blisters on the rowers' hands. Weightlifting is also prone to blisters like gymnasts from friction developed by friction against the bars. To further reduce the occurrence of a person can glue hands, and there are also a number of products on the market that claim to reduce the occurrence of abrasions. These are all intended to be worn as a liner under a glove. Most of these offerings simply add padding and create a layer that reduces the friction coefficient between the skin and the glove.
Lubricants, usually talcum powder, can be used to reduce friction between skin and clothing in the short term. People put powder in gloves or shoes for this purpose, although this type of lubricant will increase friction in the long run, because it absorbs moisture. Increased friction makes blisters more likely.
More
Sunscreen and protective clothing should also be used during the hottest part of the day to avoid blisters from sunburn. Avoiding sunlight during the day is the best way to avoid blisters from sunburn. Protective gloves should be worn when handling detergents, cleaning products, solvents and other chemicals.
References
External links
- Media related to blister in Wikimedia Commons
- Definition of blister dictionary in Wiktionary
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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