Nicotine stomatitis (also known as nicotine stomatitis , nicotinic stomatitis , nicotine palatinus , palatini stomatitis , leukokeratosis nicotina palate , palatal leukokeratosis , smoker keratosis , palatal smokers , and smokers >), is a diffuse white spot on the hard palate, usually caused by smoking tobacco, usually a pipe or smoking cigar. This does not cause pain, and this is caused by a palatal oral mucosal response to chronic heat. Clearer appearances may occur with upside-down smoking, sometimes distinguished from nicotine stomatitis by the term reverse keratosis of smokers . While heat-induced nicotine stomatitis is not a premalignant condition (ie does not bring an increased risk of transformation to oral cancer), a condition caused by inverse smoking is a precaligna.
Video Stomatitis nicotina
Signs and symptoms
The ceiling may appear gray or white and contain many papules or a slightly higher nodule with red dots in the middle. These red dots represent tiny salivary gland channels that have been inflamed by heat. This condition is painless. If denture is normally used during smoking, the mucosa under the denture is not affected by the condition. In severe cases, the mucosa may exhibit fissures and develop a "dry lake" appearance. Other changes associated with tobacco use may prove to be like the extreme chocolate or black tooth dye from tar and other components of tobacco smoke.
Maps Stomatitis nicotina
Cause
The causes of nicotine stomatitis are considered chemically or thermally induced keratoses. Chemicals in tobacco can act as irritants under these conditions. Chronic exposure to heat is also responsible. Smoking pipes produce more heat on the ceiling than other forms of smoking. Drinking hot drinks in the long run can also cause similar conditions. The severity of the changes correlates with the frequency of habits. Prevalence depends on the use of people consuming hot drinks and smoking in various forms.
The same palatal keratosis, but more clearly occurs with reversed smoking. This is where the tip of a cigar or cigarette held in the mouth, another form of smoking associated with high levels of heat in the mouth. This form of condition is sometimes called "reverse keratosis of smokers", and is a premalignant lesion. That is, this condition is associated with an increased risk of malignant transformation into oral squamous cell carcinoma (a type of oral cancer). Some sources do not distinguish between reverse smoker's keratosis and palatal smokers caused by heat. Thus, these sources tend to suggest that nicotine stomatitis is a premalignant condition. Several reports indicate that there is an increased risk of tonsillar cancer, lung cancer and tumors in the posterior oral cavity in people who develop nicotine stomatitis.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is usually based on clinical appearance and history. A tissue biopsy is usually not indicated unless there is a local ulceration area or erythroplakia (red patch). The differential diagnosis is the cause of other white lesions (see leukoplakia for a more complete discussion). Specific conditions that can produce a similar appearance include Darier's disease, discoid lupus erythematosus, oral candidiasis, and oral lichen planus.
If a biopsy is taken, the histopathological appearance is one of hyperkeratosis and acanthosis. There may be a squamous metaplasia of excretory tract, which produces a visible papule if the duct becomes hyperplastic. Neutrophils can fill multiple channels. It is characterized as a "fissured" or "dry mud" appearance of excess keratin production by cells. Dysplasia is rarely seen.
Treatment
When the appearance is caused by heat, the lesion is usually completely reversible within a few weeks if the smoking habit is stopped. This is the case even if conditions have been around for decades. Without stopping smoking, spontaneous remission of lesions is unlikely. If the lesion continues despite quitting smoking, it is usually regarded as true leukoplakia rather than reactionary keratotis, and may trigger a decision to perform a biopsy to confirm the diagnosis. Because this condition almost always develops in long-term heavy smoking arrangements, it usually indicates the need for routine observations for cancer-related smoking, eg. lung cancer.
Epidemiology
This condition is rare. Usually occurs in older men who have a history of heavy pipe smoking, but can also occur in cigars or smokers. This condition was once common, but it has become more rare because habits such as pipe smoking and cigars have declined in popularity.
See also
- Smoker's melanosis
- Smokeless tobacco keratosis
References
- Kahn, Michael A. Oral Basis and Maxillofacial Pathology. Volume 1. 2001.
External links
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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