Norfolk ( NOR -fuuk , locally "English respelling pronunciation"> NOF -uk ) is a self-contained city in the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States. At the 2010 census, the population was 242,803; by 2015, the estimated population of 247,189 makes it the second most populous city in Virginia after nearby Virginia Beach.
Norfolk is located in the center of the Hampton Roads metropolitan area, named for the great natural harbor of the same name located at the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay. It is one of nine cities and seven districts that are the Hampton Roads metro area, officially known as Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC MSA. The city is bordered to the west by the Elizabeth River and to the north by the Chesapeake Bay. It also shares a land border with the independent Chesapeake towns to the south and Virginia Beach to the east. Norfolk is one of the oldest towns in Hampton Roads, and is considered the historic, financial, and cultural center of the region.
The city has a long history as a military and strategic transportation point. The largest Naval base in the world, Naval Station Norfolk, is located in Norfolk along with one of NATO's two Strategic Command headquarters. The city also has Norfolk Southern Railway corporate headquarters, one of the Class I railroads in North America, and Maersk Line, Limited, which manages the largest US-flagged vessel fleet in the world. Since the city is bordered by several water bodies, Norfolk has many miles of riverside and beachside properties, including the beaches of Chesapeake Bay. It is connected with its neighbors through the extensive network of Interstate highways, bridges, tunnels, and three tunnel-bridge complexes, which are the only bridge tunnels in the United States.
Video Norfolk, Virginia
History
Colonial years
In 1619 the Governor of the Colonies of Virginia, Sir George Yeardley, entered four jurisdictions, called citties, for the developed part of the colony. This formed the basis for a colonial representative government in the newly minted House of Burgesses. What will be Norfolk is put under the merger of Elizabeth Cittie.
In 1634, King Charles I rearranged the colony into a braking system. Former Elizabeth Cittie became Elizabeth City Shire. After persuading 105 people to settle in the colony, Adam Thoroughgood (who immigrated to Virginia in 1622 from King's Lynn, Norfolk, England) was granted large land tenure, through a human rights system, along the Lynnhaven River in 1636.
When the South Hampton Roads section of the shire was separated, Thoroughgood suggested the birthplace name for the newly formed New Norfolk County. One year later, it was divided into two districts, Upper Norfolk and Lower Norfolk (the latter now incorporated into the City of Norfolk), mainly based on Thoroughgood's recommendation. The Virginia area is known as a place for businessmen, including men from the Virginia Company in London.
Norfolk was developed in the late seventeenth century as a fortress "Half Moone" was built and 50 acres (200,000 m 2 ) were obtained from local indigenous Powhatan Confederates in exchange for 10,000 pounds of tobacco. The House of Burgesses established the "Towne of Lower Norfolk County" in 1680. In 1691, the last territorial division took place when Lower Norfolk County parted ways to form Norfolk County (including the current towns of Norfolk, Chesapeake, and part of Portsmouth) and Princess Anne County (now Virginia Beach City).
Norfolk was founded in 1705. In 1730, a tobacco inspection site was located here. According to the Tobacco Inspection Act, the inspection is "In Norfolk City, above the castle grounds, in the Norfolk County and Kemp's Landing, in Princess Anne, under one examination." In 1736 George II gave it the royal charter as borough. In 1775, Norfolk developed into what contemporary observers consider to be the most prosperous city in Virginia. It is an important port for exporting goods to the British Isles and beyond. Partly due to the trading relationships of many traders with other parts of the British Empire, Norfolk served as a strong base of Loyalist support during the early part of the American Revolution. After fleeing the colonial capital of Williamsburg, Lord Dunmore, Governor of the Kingdom of Virginia, tried to rebuild colonial control of Norfolk. Dunmore secured a small victory in Norfolk but was soon taken into exile by Virginia militia, ordered by Colonel Woodford. His departure ended more than 168 years of British colonial rule in Virginia.
On New Year's Day, 1776, Lord Dunmore's fleet of three ships fired on the city of Norfolk for over eight hours. The shots, combined with fires started by the British and deployed by the Patriots, destroyed more than 800 buildings, which constitute almost two thirds of the city. Patriot troops destroyed the remaining buildings for strategic reasons the following month. Only the walls of Saint Paul's Episcopal Church survived the next bombings and fires. A cannon bombardment (fired by Liverpool ) remains on the walls of Saint Paul.
nineteenth century
After the recovery from the burning of the Revolutionary War, Norfolk and its citizens struggled to rebuild. In 1804, other serious fires along the city's coast destroyed about 300 buildings and the city suffered a serious economic slowdown. During the 1820s, agrarian communities throughout South America experienced a prolonged recession, which caused many families to migrate to other areas. Many moved west to Piedmont, or further to Kentucky and Tennessee. Such migration also follows the exhaustion of the soil due to tobacco cultivation in Tidewater, where it has been a major commodity crop for generations.
Virginia made several attempts to stop slavery, and maneuvers increased within two decades after the war. Thomas Jefferson Randolph obtained part of the 1832 resolution for a phased elimination in the state. However, at that time, the increasing demand from the settlements of the lower Southern states had created a large internal market for slavery. The discovery of gin cotton at the end of the 18th century has favored the cultivation of short cotton in the highlands, which is widely practiced.
The American Colonization Society proposes to "repatriate" free blacks and liberate slaves to Africa by setting up new colonies of Liberia and paying for transportation. But most African-Americans want to live in their birthplace in the United States and achieve freedom and rights there. For a period, many emigrants to Liberia from Virginia and North Carolina departed from the port of Norfolk. Joseph Jenkins Roberts, a native Norfolk-colored person, emigrated through the American Colonization Society and subsequently elected the first Liberian president, building a strong family.
On June 7, 1855, the 183-foot vessel Benjamin Franklin was put into Hampton Roads for repairs. He had just sailed from the West Indies, where there had been a yellow fever outbreak. Port health workers order a quarantine vessel. After eleven days, the second check did not find a problem, so he was allowed to dock. A few days later, the first case of yellow fever was found in Norfolk, and a machinist died of the disease on 8 July. In August, several people died every day, and a third of the city's population had fled in the hope of escaping from the epidemic. No one understands how the disease is transmitted. With both Norfolk and Portsmouth infected, New York bans all traffic from these sites. The neighboring city also forbids residents from Norfolk. Epidemics spread through the city through mosquitoes and poor sanitation, affecting each family and causing widespread panic. The infected number reached 5,000 in September, and by the second week, 1,500 had died in Norfolk and Portsmouth. When the weather is cold, the outbreak begins to wane, leaving a final count of about 3,200 people dead. It took some time for the city to recover.
In early 1861, Norfolk voters instructed their delegates to vote for secession. Virginia chose to split from the Union. In the spring of 1862, the Battle of Hampton Roads took place off the northwest coast of the city's Sewell's Point Peninsula, marking the first battle between two iron ships, the USS Monitor and CSS Virginia . The battle ended with a dead end, but changed the course of naval warfare; from then on, the warship was fortified with metal.
In May 1862, Norfolk Mayor William Lamb handed the city to Union General John E. Wool and his troops. They organized the city under martial law during the Civil War. Thousands of slaves from the area fled to Union lines for freedom; they quickly set up a school in Norfolk to start learning to read and write, years before the end of the war.
the 20th century to present
1907 brings both the Virginian Railway and Jamestown Exposition to Sewell's Point. The large Navy's review of the Exhibition shows the lucrative location on the peninsula and laid the foundations for the world's largest naval base. Southern Democrats in Congress gained its location here. Commemorating the three-year anniversary of the establishment of Jamestown, this exposition features many prominent officials, including President Theodore Roosevelt, a member of Congress, and diplomats from twenty-one countries. In 1917, as the US prepared to enter World War I, the Hampton Roads Navy Air Station was built on previous exposition grounds.
In the first half of the twentieth century, the city of Norfolk expanded its borders through annexation. In 1906, the city annexed the incorporated city of Berkley, making it cross the Elizabeth River. In 1923, the city expanded to include Sewell's Point, Willoughby Spit, Campostella city, and the Ocean View area. The city includes Naval Base and miles of beachfront property overlooking Hampton Roads and Chesapeake Bay. After a smaller annexation in 1959, and a 1988 land swap with Virginia Beach, the city assumed its current limits.
With the dawn of the Interstate Highway System after World War II, new highways were built in the area. A series of bridges and tunnels, built for fifteen years, connect Norfolk with the Peninsula, Portsmouth, and Virginia Beach. In 1952, the Downtown Tunnel was opened to connect Norfolk with the city of Portsmouth. The highway also encourages the development of new housing in the suburbs, which causes the population to spread. Additional bridges and tunnels include the Hampton Road Bridge Tunnel in 1957, the Central Town Tunnel in 1962, and the Virginia Beach-Norfolk Expressway (Interstate 264 and State Route 44) in 1967. In 1991, the complex of the Downtown Tunnel/Berkley Bridge system opened new from several highway lanes and intersections connecting Downtown Norfolk and Interstate 464 with Tunnel Downtown Tunnel.
In 1954, the Supreme Court ruled in Brown v. Board of Education that separates public schools is unconstitutional, because the public system is supported by all taxpayers. It ordered integration, but Virginia pursued a policy of "massive resistance". (At the moment, the majority of blacks are still deprived of their rights under the state's changing constitution and discriminatory practices associated with voter registration and voting.) The Virginia General Assembly prohibits state funding for integrated public schools.
In 1958, the US District Court in Virginia ordered schools for the first time to be racially opened. In response, Governor James Lindsay Almond, Jr. ordered the school to close. The High Court of Virginia declared that the state law was contrary to the state constitution and ordered all public schools to be funded, whether integrated or not. About ten days later, Almond surrendered and asked the General Assembly to overturn some of the laws of "great resistance". In September 1959, seventeen black children entered six separate Norfolk public schools. The Virginian-Pilot Editor Lenoir Chambers did an editorial on the great resistance and got the Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Writing.
With new suburban developments gesturing, many white middle-class residents moved out of town along new highway routes, and the population of Norfolk declined, repeated patterns in various cities during the postwar era apart from the problem of segregation. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, the emergence of more recent suburban shopping destinations along with toll roads caused death for the fate of Granby Street's commercial corridor downtown, which lies just blocks to the mainland from the shores. The opening of malls and large shopping centers attracted retail businesses from Granby Street.
Norfolk city leaders have long pushed to revive its urban core. While Granby Street suffered a setback, Norfolk city leaders focused on waterfront and dock collection and rotting warehouses. Many old shipping and warehousing facilities were destroyed. In their place, the planners created a new boulevard, Waterside Drive, where many high-rise buildings on the Norfolk horizon have been erected. In 1983, the city and The Rouse Company developed the market of the Waterside festival to draw people back to the beach and catalyze the redevelopment of the city center further. Other facilities opened in the following years, including the Harbor Park baseball stadium, home of the Norfolk Tides Triple-A little league baseball team. In 1995, the park was named after the best facility in the minor baseball league by Baseball America. Norfolk's efforts to revitalize the city center have drawn praise from economic development and city planning circles across the country. Fortune increases Downtown helps to expand city revenue and allows the city to direct attention to other environments.
Maps Norfolk, Virginia
Geography
According to the US Census Bureau, the city has a total area of ​​96 square miles (250 km 2 ), of which 54 square miles (140 km 2 ) is ground and 42 square miles ( 110 km 2 ) (43.9%) is water. Norfolk is located on 36Ã, Â ° 55? N 76Ã, Â ° 12? W (36.8857 Â ° N, 76.2599 Â ° W)
It is located in the southeast corner of Virginia at the intersection of the Elizabeth River and Chesapeake Bay. The Metropolitan Hampton Roads (formally known as Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC MSA) is the largest 37th in the United States, with an estimated population of 1,716,624 in 2014. These areas include Virginia Norfolk, Virginia Beach, Chesapeake, Hampton, Newport News, Poquoson, Portsmouth, Suffolk, Williamsburg and Gloucester county, Isle of Wight, James City, Mathews, and York, as well as North Carolina Currituck and Gates districts. Norfolk City is recognized as a central business district, while the Virginia Beach resort district on the seafront and Williamsburg is mainly tourism centers. Virginia Beach is the most populous city in the MSA, though more functioning as a suburb. In addition, Norfolk is part of Virginia Beach-Norfolk, VA-NC Combined Statistics Area, which includes Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC MSA, Elizabeth City, North Carolina Micropolitan Area Statistics, and Kill Devil Hill, Area Statistics Micropolitan NC. CSA is the 32nd largest in a country with an estimated population of 1,810,266 in 2013.
In addition to the extensive riverside property, Norfolk has miles of bay and beach resort properties in the Willoughby Spit and Ocean View communities.
Being low and surrounded by water, Norfolk is particularly vulnerable to rising sea levels. In addition, the land built slowly receded. Some areas have flooded regularly at high tide, and the city commissioned a study in 2012 to investigate how to tackle this problem in the future: it reports the cost to address a one-legged sea level rise would be about $ 1,000,000,000. Since then, scientists at the Virginia Institute of Marine Science in 2013 estimated that if current trends continue, the ocean in Norfolk will increase by 5 and 1/2 feet or more by the end of the century.
Cityscape
When Norfolk was first settled, the houses were made of wooden construction and frames, similar to medieval English-style houses. These houses have wide chimneys and thatched roofs. Decades after the city was first laid down in 1682, the Georgian architectural style, popular in the South at the time, was used. Brick construction is considered more substantial; patterns made with bricks and Flemish ties. This style evolved to include a central pavilion of the project, Palladian windows, roof deck off, and a two-story portico. In 1740, houses, warehouses, shops, workshops, and taverns began sweeping the streets of Norfolk.
Norfolk was burned during the Revolutionary War. After the Revolution, Norfolk was rebuilt in the Federal style, based on Roman ideals. Federal-style houses maintain the symmetry of Georgia, though they have a finer decoration to look like New World homes. Federal houses have features such as narrow spaces with incandescent lights around the threshold, giant porticoes, gable or flat roofs, and projecting bays on exterior walls. The rooms are oval, elliptical or octagonal. Some of these federal rowhouses remain standing today. Most of the buildings are made of wood and have simple construction.
In the early nineteenth century, elements of neoclassical architecture began to appear in federal row houses, such as the iconic columns in porticoes and classical motifs above doors and windows. Many Federal-style row houses have been modernized by placing the Greek-style porch on the front. The Greek and Roman elements were integrated into public buildings such as the old Town Hall, the old Norfolk Academy, and the Customs Building.
Greek-style houses turned into Gothic Revival in the 1830s, which emphasized pointed arches, steep saddles, towers and pioneering windows. Freemason Baptist Church and St. Catholic Church Mary is an example of the Gothic Awakening. The Italian element appeared in the 1840s including cupola, porch, ornamental brick, or angular quoins. Norfolk still has a simple wooden structure among its more ornate buildings.
High-rise buildings were first built in the late nineteenth century when structures like the Commodore Maury Hotel and the Royster House were built to form the early Norfolk horizon. The past styles were revived during the early years of the 20th century. Bungalow and apartment buildings are becoming popular for those who live in the city.
When the Great Depression passed, Art Deco emerged as a popular building style, as evidenced by the Post Office building in the city center. Art Deco consists of a sleek concrete facial appearance with smooth or metal stone, with terracotta, and pruning consisting of glass and colored tiles.
Nearby Areas
Norfolk has a variety of historic neighborhoods. Some neighborhoods, such as Berkley, were once cities and towns. Others, such as Willoughby Spit and Ocean View, have a "long history associated with the Chesapeake Bay." Today, neighborhoods like Downtown, Ghent, and Fairmount Park have changed with the revitalization that the city has experienced.
Climate
Norfolk has a humid subtropical climate with moderate seasonal changes. Spring arrives in March with cool days and cold nights, and by the end of May, the temperature has warmed up enough to mark the warm summer days. The summers are consistently warm and humid, but the nearby Atlantic Ocean often performs a slight cooling effect at daytime high temperatures, but the effects of warming up slightly at nightly low temperatures (compared to areas further inland). Thus, Norfolk has occasional days above 90Ã, Â ° F (32Ã, Â ° C). Temperatures above 100 F. are rare but sometimes can occur. On average, July is the hottest month, and August is the wettest month of the year, due to frequent thunderstorm activity combined with increasing frequency (in August) from tropical activity (tropical storms and storms), which can bring strong winds and heavy rain. This usually brushes Norfolk and only occasionally makes the land in the area; the highest risk period is mid-August to late September. Autumn is marked by warm to warm days and cooler evenings. Winter is usually mild in Norfolk, with average winter days displaying low positions near or slightly above freezing and high above -40 to mid 50's (8 to 13 Â ° C). On average, the coldest month of the year is January. The highest record in Norfolk was 105 Â ° F (41 Â ° C) on August 7, 1918, July 24 and March 25, 2010, and the lowest record was -3 Â ° F (-19 Â ° C) recorded on Jan. 21, 1985. Snow occurs sporadically, with an average annual accumulation of 5.8 inches.
Demographics
At the 2010 census, there were 242,803 people, 86,210 households, and 51,898 families living in the city. Population density was 4,362.8 people per square mile (1,684.4/km 2 ). There are 94,416 housing units with an average density of 1,757.3 per square mile (678,5/km 2 ). City's racial makeup is 47.1% White, 43.1% African American, 0.5% Native American, 3.3% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Island, 2.2% of other races, and 3.6 % of two or more races. Hispanic or Latin of any race is 6.6% of the population. Non-Hispanic Whites were 44.3% of the population in 2010, down from 68.5% in 1970.
There are 86,210 households where 30.3% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.9% are married couples living together, 18.8% have non-husbands female households, and 39.8% are not family. 30.2% of all households are made up of individuals and 9.6% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 3.07.
Distribution ages 24.0% under the age of 18, 18.2% from 18 to 24, 29.9% from 25 to 44, 16.9% from 45 to 64, and 10.9% 65 years or older. The average age is 30 years. For every 100 females, there are 104.6 males. For every 100 women age 18 and over, there are 104.8 men. This large gender imbalance is due to the military presence in the city, especially Naval Station Norfolk.
The average income for households in the city is $ 31,815, and the average income for families is $ 36,891. Men have an average income of $ 25,848 versus $ 21,907 for women. The per capita income for the city is $ 17,372. Approximately 15.5% of families and 19.4% of the population are below the poverty line, including 27.9% of those under the age of 18 and 13.2% of those aged 65 years or older.
For 2007, Norfolk has a total crime index of 514.7 per 100,000 population. This is above the national average of 320.9 years. For 2007, the city suffered 48 murders, with a murder rate of 21.1 per 100,000 population. The number of crimes decreased as compared to 2000, which the city has a total crime index of 546.3. The highest murder rate experienced by Norfolk during the 21st century was in 2005 when the rate was 24.5 per 100,000 population. For 2007 per 100,000, Norfolk experienced 21.1 murders, 42.6 rapes, 399.3 robberies, 381.3 attacks, 743.3 robberies, and 450.6 car theft. According to Congressional Quarterly Press' 2008 Crime Town Rank: Crimes in Metropolitan America, Norfolk, Virginia, are classified as the 87th greatest danger city of more than 75,000 inhabitants.
Economy
Since Norfolk serves as a commercial and cultural center for the unusual geographical area of ​​Hampton Road (and in its political structure of independent cities), it can be difficult to separate Norfolk's economic characteristics from the region as a whole.
The water channel that almost surrounds the Hampton Roads plays an important part in the local economy. As a strategic location in the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay, the protected deep water channel serves as the main trading artery for import and export of goods from all over the Mid-Atlantic, Mid-West, and internationally.
In addition to commercial activities, Hampton Roads is a major military center, especially for the United States Navy, and Norfolk serves as home to Naval Station Norfolk, the largest naval installation in the world. Located at Sewell's Point Peninsula, in the northwest corner of the city, this station is the headquarters of the United States Fleet Force (formerly known as Atlantic Fleet), which compromises more than 62,000 active duty personnel, 75 ships and 132 aircraft. The base also serves as a headquarters for NATO's Allied Command Transformation.
The region also plays an important role in defense contracts, with particular emphasis in the ship and ship repair business for the city of Norfolk. The main private docks located in Norfolk or the Hampton Roads area include: Huntington Ingalls Industries (Newport Northwest Grumman Newport News), Newport News, BAE Systems Norfolk Ship Repair, General Dynamics NASSCO Norfolk, and Colonna's Shipyard Inc., Naval Norfolk Naval US Shipyard the ship is located directly opposite the Downtown Tunnel in Portsmouth. Most of the contracts occupied by this shipyard were issued by the Navy, although some personal commercial repairs also took place. Over 35% of the Gross Regional Product (which covers all of Norfolk-Newport News-Virginia Beach MSA), can be attributed to defense spending, and that 75% of all regional growth since 2001 is due to increased defense spending.
After the military, the second largest and most important industry for Hampton Roads and Norfolk based on the economic impact is the cargo port in the region. Headquartered in Norfolk, the Virginia Port Authority (VPA) is owned by the Commonwealth of Virginia which, in turn, owns and operates three major port facilities in Hampton Roads for cargo types of break-bulk and containers. In Norfolk, Norfolk International Terminals (NIT) represents one of three facilities and is home to the largest and fastest container crane in the world. Together, three VPA terminals handle a total of over 2 million TEUs and 475,000 tonnes of breakbulk cargo in 2006, making it the second busiest port on the east coast of North America with total cargo volume after New York and New Jersey Ports.
In addition to NIT, Norfolk is home to Lambert's Point Docks, the largest coal shipping point in the Northern Hemisphere, with an annual throughput of around 48,000,000 tonnes. Bituminous coal is mainly sourced from the Appalachian mountains in West Virginia, West Virginia, and Kentucky. Coal is loaded onto trains and shipped to ports where the vessel is deployed to large breakbulk cargo ships and is destined for New England, Europe and Asia.
Between 1925 and 2007, Ford Motor Company operated the Norfolk Assembly, a manufacturing plant located on the Elizabeth River that had produced Model-T, sedans and station wagons before building an F-150 pickup truck. Before closing, the plant employs over 2,600 people at 2,800,000 square feet (260,000 m 2 ).
Most major shipping lines have a permanent presence in the region with some combination of sales, distribution and/or logistics offices, many of which are located in Norfolk. In addition, many of the largest international shipping companies have chosen Norfolk as their North American headquarters. These companies are located in the World Trade Center building of Norfolk or have built a building in the office park of Lake Wright Executive Center. French company CMA CGM, Israeli company Zim Integrated Shipping Services, and Maersk Line Limited, the world's largest shipping company, A. P. Moller-Maersk Group, headquartered in North America in Norfolk. Big companies based in Norfolk include Norfolk Southern, Landmark Communications, Dominion Enterprises, FHC Health Systems, Portfolio Recovery Associates, and BlackHawk Products Group.
Although Virginia Beach and Williamsburg have traditionally become the region's tourism centers, the rebirth of downtown Norfolk and the construction of a cruise ship pier at the foot of Nauticus in the city center have prompted tourism to become an increasingly important part of the city's economy. The number of cruise ship passengers visiting Norfolk increased from 50,000 in 2003 to 107,000 in 2004 and 2005. Also in April 2007, the city completed construction on a $ 36 million state-of-the-art cruise terminal terminal along the pier. Partly due to this construction, the number of passengers dropped to 70,000 in 2006, but is expected to increase to 90,000 in 2007, and higher in the coming years. Unlike most cruise ship terminals located in industrial estates, the downtown location of the Norfolk terminal has received good reviews from both tourists and cruises enjoying its proximity to hotels, restaurants, shopping and cultural amenities of the city.
Hampton Roads is home to four Fortune 500 companies. Representing the food, transportation, retail and shipbuilding industries, these four companies are located in Smithfield, Norfolk, Chesapeake and Newport News.
- 213 Smithfield Foods
- 247 Norfolk Southern
- 346 Dollar Tree
- 380 Huntington Ingalls Industries
26% of the 130,000 people working in Norfolk live in the city, while 74% go round-trip. 37% of them are from Virginia Beach and 20% are from Chesapeake. An additional 51,575 people traveled out to work, with 35% going to Virginia Beach and 20% going to the Chesapeake.
Top entrepreneurs
According to a report published by the Virginia Employment Commission, below is the top employer in Norfolk:
Art and culture
Norfolk is the cultural heart of the Hampton Roads area. In addition to the museum, Norfolk is home to several major performing arts companies. Norfolk also hosts many annual festivals and parades, mostly at Town Point Park in the city center.
The Chrysler Museum of Art, located in Ghent district, is the region's leading art museum and is considered by The New York Times as the best in the state. Of special note is the extensive glass collection, Glass Studio, Moses Myers House, and American neoclassic marble statues. The main building of the museum is undergoing expansion and renovation and is expected to reopen in April 2014. During the renovation, Glass Studio and Moses Myers House will remain open and art will be displayed in various locations throughout the community.
Nauticus, the National Maritime Center, opened in the city center in 1994. It features live exhibits, interactive theater, aquaria, digital high-definition movies and a variety of educational programs. Since 2000, Nauticus has been home to the warship USS Wisconsin , the last battleship to be built in the United States. It was presented briefly in World War II and later in Korea and the Gulf War.
MacArthur Memorial, located in the 19th-century Norfolk courthouse and town hall in the center of the city, contains the tomb of the late General and his wife, a museum and extensive research library, personal belongings (including his famous cob corncobs) and short films which tells the life of the famous Army General.
People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), the world's largest animal rights organization, are based in Norfolk.
The Hermitage Foundation Museum, located in an early 20th century Tudor-style house on a 12 acre (49,000 m 2 ) estate overlooking the Lafayette River, features an eclectic collection of Asian and Western art, including bronze and Chinese ceramics, Persian rugs, and ivory carvings. Norfolk has various groups of performances with regular seasons.
The Virginia Opera was founded in Norfolk in 1974. Its artistic director from the beginning was Peter Mark, who performed his 100th opera production for VOA in 2008. Although the show is staged across the state, the company's premier place is the Harrison Opera House in Ghent District.
The Virginia Stage Company, founded in 1968, is one of the region's leading regional theaters and produces a drama-filled season in downtown Wells Theater. The company shares facilities with the Governor's School of Art. '
The Virginia Symphony Orchestra, founded in 1920 and directed by JoAnn Falletta, has become a regular subject in the regional arts scene. Most of the Norfolk shows take place in Chrysler Hall in the center of the complex city of Scope. The orchestra also provides musicians to many other performing arts organizations in the area.
Large-scale concerts are held at the Norfolk Scope Arena or the Constant Ted Confrontation Center at ODU, while The Norva provides a more intimate atmosphere for small groups. Other Norfolk cultural venues include the Attucks Theater, Jeanne and George Roper Performing Arts Canter (formerly Loew's State Theater) and Naro Expanded Cinema.
The revitalization of downtown Norfolk has helped improve the Hampton Roads cultural scene. In particular, a large number of clubs, representing various interests and musical sophistication now line up in the lower Granby Street area.
Norfolk celebrates its rich ethnic diversity with spectacular vistas, sounds, attractions and events that pay homage to the city's long multicultural heritage.
Sports
Norfolk serves as the home of two of the highest-level professional franchises in the state of Virginia - Norfolk Tides plays Triple-A baseball in the International League, and Norfolk Admirals plays ice hockey at ECHL. Norfolk has two universities with Division I sports teams - Old Dominion Monarchs and Norfolk State University Spartans, which provide many sports including soccer, basketball and baseball.
From 1970 to 76, Norfolk served as a home court (along with Hampton, Richmond, and Roanoke) to the now-defunct professional regional basketball franchise of Virginia Squires from the American Basketball Association (ABA). From 1970 to 71, Squires played their Norfolk home game at Old Dominion University Fieldhouse. In November 1971, Virginia Squires played their Norfolk home matches in the new Norfolk Scope arena, until the ABA teams and leagues were folded in May 1976.
In 1971, Norfolk built an entertainment and sports complex, featuring Chrysler Hall and 13,800 indoor arena Norfolk Scope, located in the northern part of the city center. Norfolk Scope has served as a venue for major events including the American Basketball Association's All-Star Game in 1974, and the first and second NCAA Women's Division I Basketball Championships (also known as Women's Final Four) 1982 and 1983.
Norfolk is also home to the Norfolk Blues Rugby Football Club.
Parks and recreation
Town Point Park in the city center plays host to various annual events from early spring to late autumn. Harborfest, the region's largest annual festival, celebrates its thirtieth anniversary in 2006. The event was held during the first weekend of June and celebrates the proximity of the territory and the attachment to the water. The Parade of Sail (lots of high-sailing ships from all over the world forming a line and sailing past downtown before anchored in the marina), musical concerts, regional food, and big fireworks highlights this three-day festival. Bayou Boogaloo and the Cajun Food Festival, the celebration of the people and culture of Cajun, had a small start. This three-day festival during the third week of June has become one of the largest in the region and, besides serving Cajun cuisine, also features Cajun music. The Freedom of Fourth of July celebration in the United States features spectacular fireworks and special Navy reenlistment ceremonies. The Norfolk Jazz Festival, though smaller than some of the city's great jazz festivals, is still able to attract famous jazz artists in the country. It was held in August. The Virginia Point Town Wine Festival has been a showcase for Virginia's wine production and has enjoyed an increasing success over the years. The wine industry that has grown in Virginia has become well-known both in the United States and internationally. The festival has grown with the industry. The wine can be sampled and then purchased by the bottle and/or shell directly from the wine stall. The event took place during the third weekend of October. There is also the Wine Spring Festival held during the second weekend of May. Nearby are the USSÃ museum boats, Wisconsin, Ã, (BB-64) and Wisconsin Square.
St. Patrick's Day in the city's Ocean View neighborhood, celebrating Ireland's rich heritage of Ocean View.
Norfolk has a variety of parks and open spaces in its city park system. The city maintains three beaches on the north coast in the Ocean View area. Five additional parks contain picnic facilities and a playground for children. The city also has several community pools that are open to city dwellers.
The Norfolk Botanical Gardens, which opened in 1939, is a 155 acre (0.6 km km) botanical garden and arboretum located near Norfolk International Airport. It's open all year.
The Virginia Zoological Park, opened in 1900, is a 65-acre zoo (260,000 m2) with hundreds of animals exhibited, including endangered Siberian tigers and threatened with white rhinos.
The city is also known as Mermaids_on_Parade "> Mermaids on Parade ," a public art program launched in 2002 to place mermaid statues throughout the city. Tourists can take a walking tour to the city center and search for 17 mermaids while others can be found further.
Government
Norfolk is a self-contained city with good services counties and cities in Virginia provide, such as sheriffs, social services, and court systems. Norfolk operates under a council-managership form.
The Norfolk city government consists of city councils with representatives from seven districts serving in legislative and oversight capacity, as well as a generally elected and large mayor. The city manager serves as the chief executive branch and oversees all city departments and implements the policies adopted by the Council. Citizens in each of the five wards choose one representative board each to serve a four-year term. There are two additional council members selected from two "Superwards" throughout the city. City councils meet at City Hall every week and, by May 2016, comprise: Mayor Kenneth Cooper Alexander; Mamie Johnson, Ward 3; Angelia Williams, Superward 7; Paul R. Riddick, Ward 4; Deputy Mayor Dr. Theresa W. Whibley, Ward 2; Martin Thomas, Ward 1; Andria McClellan, Superward 6; Thomas R. Smigiel, Jr., Ward 5.
The City Government has the infrastructure to create a close working relationship with its citizens. The city government of Norfolk provides services to the environment, including service centers and league residents who interact directly with members of the City Council. These services include preserving local history, home rehabilitation centers, outreach programs, and universities that train citizens in clean-up environments, event planning, environmental leadership, and financial planning. The Norfolk police department also provides support for environmental monitoring programs including citizens training colleges, security designs, youth athletic police programs, and business watch programs.
Norfolk also has a federal courthouse for the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia. The Walter E. Hoffman US Courthouse in Norfolk has four judges, four judges, and two bankruptcy judges. In addition, Norfolk has its own General District and Circuit Court that convenes in the city center. This is considered a Democratic stronghold.
Norfolk is located in Virginia's 2nd congress district, served by US Representative Scott Taylor (Republic) and in Virginia's 3rd congress district, served by US Representative Robert C. Scott (Democrat).
Education
Norfolk City Public School, a public school system, consists of five secondary schools, eight secondary schools, 34 primary schools, and nine special/pre-school schools. In 2005, Norfolk Public Schools won a $ 1 million Prize for Urban Education Prize for demonstrating, "The greatest overall performance and improved student achievement while reducing performance gaps for poor and minority students". The city was previously nominated in 2003 and 2004. There are also a number of private schools located in the city, the oldest of which, Norfolk Academy, was founded in 1728. The religious schools located in this city include St. Pius X Catholic School, Christian School Alliance, Christ King School, Norfolk Christian School and Lutheran Trinity School. The city also hosts the School of Governors for the Arts that holds performances and classes at Wells Theater.
Norfolk is home to three state universities and one private. It also hosts a community college campus in the city center. Old Dominion University, founded as the Norfolk Division of the College of William and Mary in 1930, became an independent institution in 1962 and now offers degrees in 68 undergraduate programs and 95 (60 masters/35 doctorates). Eastern Virginia Medical School, founded as a community medical school by surrounding jurisdictions in 1973, is noted for his research in reproductive medicine and is located in the main medical complex in the Ghent region. Norfolk State University founded in 1935 is the largest HBCU in Virginia. The State of Norfolk offers degrees in various liberal arts, Social Work, Nursing, and Engineering. Virginia Wesleyan College is a small private liberal arts college and shares its eastern border with the neighboring town of Virginia Beach. Tidewater Community College offers two-year degrees and specialized training programs and is located in the city center. In addition, some non-profit schools operate in the city.
Norfolk Public Library
The Norfolk Public Library, Virginia's first public library, consists of one main library, an anchor library, ten branch libraries and a library of books. The library also has a local history and genealogy space and contains government documents dating from the 19th century. Libraries offer services such as computer classes, book reviews, tax forms, and online book clubs.
Media
The Norfolk Daily newspaper is The Virginian-Pilot . Alternative papers include (now dead) Port Folio Weekly , Journals and New Guides , and AltDaily.com online. Inside Business serves the regional business community with local business news.
The local universities publish their own newspapers: Old Dominion University's Mace and Crown , Norfolk State University The Spartan Echo , and Virginia Wesleyan College Marlin Chronicles .
Coastal Virginia Magazine is a bi-monthly regional magazine for Norfolk and Hampton Roads.
Hampton Roads Times is an online magazine for Norfolk and Hampton Roads.
Norfolk is served by various radio stations on AM and FM calls, with towers located around the Hampton Roads area. It serves a variety of interests, including news, radio talk, and sports, as well as an eclectic musical mix.
Norfolk is served by several television stations. The designated market area of ​​Hampton Roads (DMA) is the 42nd largest in the US with 712,790 homes (0.64% of total US). The main network affiliates are WTKR-TV 3 (CBS), WAVY 10 (NBC), WVEC-TV 13 (ABC), WGNT 27 (CW), WTVZ 33 (MyNetworkTV), WVBT 43 (Fox), and WPXV 49 (Ion Television). The Public Broadcasting Service Station is WHRO-TV 15. Norfolk residents can also receive independent stations, such as WSKY broadcasts on channel 4 of the Outer Banks of North Carolina and WGBS-LD broadcasts on channel 11 of Hampton.
Several major films have been filmed in and around Norfolk, including Rollercoaster (filmed in the former Ocean View Fun Park), Navy Seals , and Mission: Impossible III (filmed partly at Chesapeake Bay Bridge Tunnel).
Central Radio Controversy
In 2010, the Reconstruction and Housing of Norfolk Housing moved to take over the properties of Central Radio, communications and engineering companies, and other businesses and residential properties through leading domains, and handed over land to Old Dominion University. In response, Central Radio hangs a 375-square-foot banner reading, "50 years on this road/78 years in Norfolk/100 workers/Threatened by a leading domain!" The city quotes Central Radio for code mark violation and orders the banners to be removed.
In 2013 the Virginia Supreme Court declared that the city's attempts to take over business property were illegal. However, the US District Court ruled in favor of the city regarding the removal of the mark. In January 2015, the 4th Circuit Court of Appeal confirmed the decision of the district court. In April 2015, the Justice Institute asked the US Supreme Court to hear the case as a matter of free speech of the First Amendment.
Infrastructure
Transportation
Norfolk connects with its neighbors over a vast network of highways, bridges, tunnels, and bridge tunnels. The main east-west routes are Interstate 64, US Route 58 (Virginia Beach Boulevard) and US Route 60 (Ocean View Avenue). The main north-south route is Route 13 US and Route 460 US, also known as the Granby Road. Other major highways in Norfolk include Newtown Road, Waterside Drive, Tidewater Drive, and Military Highway. The Hampton Roads Beltway (I-64, I-264, I-464, and I-664) make a circle around Norfolk.
Norfolk is primarily served by Norfolk International Airport (IATA: ORF , ICAO: KORF , FAA LID: ORF ), is now a major commercial in the region this. Airport. The airport is located near Chesapeake Bay, along with the cross-town limits of Virginia Beach. Seven airlines provide non-stop services to twenty-five destinations. ORF has 3,703,664 passengers taking off or landing at its facilities and 68,778,934 pounds of cargo is processed through its facilities. Newport News/Williamsburg International Airport also provides commercial air services to the Hampton Roads area. NNWIA is also the only airport in the region with direct international flights, as of February 2013. Chesapeake Airport provides general aviation services and is located five miles (8 km) outside the city limits.
Norfolk is served by Amtrak's Northeast Regional service via Norfolk station, located in downtown Norfolk adjacent to Harbor Park stadium. The line stretches west along the Norfolk South line, aligning the corridor of Route 460 US to Petersburg, then to Richmond and beyond. High speed rail connections in Richmond to the Northeast Corridor and the Southeast High Speed ​​Rail Corridor are also under investigation.
Greyhound Lines provides services from the central bus terminal in downtown Norfolk.
In April 2007, the construction of a $ 36,000,000 Half Moone Cruise Terminal was completed in the city center adjacent to the Nauticus Museum, providing a sophisticated permanent structure for various cruise lines and passengers wishing to start from Norfolk. Previously, emergency structures were used to start/degrade passengers, supplies, and crew.
The Intracoastal Waterway passes Norfolk. Norfolk also has extensive frontage and port facilities in a navigable part of the Western and Southern Chapters of the Elizabeth River.
Light rail, bus, ferry and paratransit services are provided by Hampton Roads Transit (HRT), a regional public transportation system headquartered in Hampton. HRT Buses operate along Norfolk and South Hampton Roads and to the Peninsula to Williamsburg. Another route trip to Smithfield. The HRT ferry service connects Norfolk city center to Portsmouth Old Town. Additional services include the HOV express bus to Norfolk Naval Base, paratransit services, park-and-ride lot, and Norfolk Electric Trolley, which provides services in the city center. The Tide light rail service commenced operations in August 2011. Light trains are a starter route operating across southern Norfolk, beginning at Newtown Road and passing stations serving areas such as Norfolk State University and Harbor Park before passing through the heart of the city. downtown Norfolk and stop at Sentara Norfolk General Hospital. Hampton Roads Transportation, Inc. departing Norfolk and Black and White Cabins, Yellow Cabins from Norfolk and Norfolk Checker Cab.
Utilities
Water and sewage services are provided by the city's Utilities Department. Norfolk receives its electricity from Dominion Virginia Power with local sources including Chesapeake Energy Center, coal-fired power plants in Chesapeake and Southampton County, and Surry Nuclear Power Plant. Virginia Natural Gas headquartered in Virginia, a subsidiary of AGL Resources, distributes natural gas to the city from a storage plant in James City County and Chesapeake.
Water quality Norfolk has been recognized as one of the cleanest water systems in the United States and is ranked as the fourth best in the United States by Men's Health . The Norfolk City has an amazing capacity for clean, clean water. The city has nine reservoirs: Whitehurst Lake, Little Creek Reservoir, Lawson Lake, Lake Smith, Wright Lake, Burnt Mills Lake, West Branch Reservoir, Prince Lake and Taylor Lake. The tidewater area of ​​Virginia has grown faster than the local freshwater supply. River water is always salty, and fresh groundwater is no longer available in most areas. Currently, water for Chesapeake and Virginia Beach cities is pumped from Gaston Lake (which crosses the Virginia-North Carolina border) into the Norfolk City reservoir system and then diverted to Chesapeake City for treatment by Chesapeake City. The waters of Virginia Beach are treated by the City of Norfolk at the Moores Bridges water treatment plant and then channeled to Virginia Beach. This pipe is 76 miles long (122 km) and 60 inches (1,500 mm). Much of that follows the former right-of-way of the abandoned section of the Virginian Railway. It is capable of pumping 60 million gallons of water per day; Virginia Beach and Chesapeake are partners in this project.
The city provides wastewater services for residents and transporting wastewater to the Sanitation Road Road treatment plant.
Health Care
Due to the excellence of Portsmouth Naval Health Center and the Hampton VA Medical Center in Hampton, Norfolk has a strong role in medicine. Norfolk is served by Sentara Norfolk General Hospital, Sentara Leigh Hospital, and De Seca's De Bon Secours Medical Center. The city is also home to the Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters and Lake Taylor Transitional Care Hospital.
Norfolk is home to Eastern Virginia Medical School, known for its specialists in diabetes, dermatology, and obstetrics. It achieved international fame on March 1, 1980, when Drs. Georgianna and Howard Jones opened the first in vitro fertilization clinic in the US at EVMS. The first in-vitro test tube baby in the country was born there in December 1981.
The headquarters of Operation Smile International, a nonprofit organization specializing in fixing facial deformities in underprivileged children from around the world, is located in the city.
Doctor for Peace, a non-profit organization focused on providing training and education for medical professionals in developing countries, based in Norfolk.
Famous people
Twin Cities
Norfolk has ten twin cities:
See also
- List of tallest buildings in Norfolk
- List of famous people from Hampton Roads (Norfolk)
- List of Historic Historic Places of Historic Places in Norfolk, Virginia
- Norfolk Police Department
Note
References
External links
- Official website
- AltDaily.com Norfolk Community Resources
- The Norfolk Sheriff's Office
- Hampton Roads Economic Development Alliance (serving Norfolk)
- Norfolk Convention and Visitor Bureau
- Norfolk Historical Society
- Norfolk City Town Center
- Cosmopolitan Makeover for Backwater Tidewater - New York Times
- Highlights Norfolk 1584 - 1881 by George Holbert Tucker
- Main Street, Norfolk in 1910
- Chrysler Art Museum
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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